Conifer-Hunting in Mexico

Subheadings: Supplemental Material Bibliography Review of Mexican Pines

Supplemental Material

I took about 800 photographs and also have copies of many of Bob's photos. A huge number of photographs showing technical details of conifer structure are available.

We have the waypoints from Bob's GPS, and I have plotted them on a Microsoft Streets & Trips file, along with our route map. A more detailed map is in the Guia Roja atlas, which Bob has.

Bob recorded the following tree measurements:

Species	Diam (cm)	Ht (m)	Locale
Abies religiosa	175	31.7	Mexico, NW slopes of Popocatepetl
Pinus montezumae	111	38.4	Mexico, NE slopes of Popocatepetl
P. ayacahuite var. veitchii	137	32.0	Mexico, NE slopes of Popocatepetl
P. ayacahuite var. veitchii	105	42.1	Mexico, NE slopes of Popocatepetl
P. ayacahuite var. ayacahuite	72	37.2	Oaxaca, N of Ixtlan
P. montezumae	106	45.4	Oaxaca, N of Ixtlan
P. chiapensis	116	47.9	Oaxaca, S of Valle National
Abies religiosa	109	47.9	Oaxaca, N of Ixtlan
Abies religiosa	114	47.5	Mexico, NW slopes of Nevada de Toluca
Abies religiosa	140	43.3	Mexico, NW slopes of Nevada de Toluca
Pinus montezumae	118	43.3	Jalisco, N slopes of Nevada de Colima
Pinus pseudostrobus	109	36.0	Jalisco, N slopes of Nevada de Colima
Taxodium mucronatum	?	38.3	Mexico DF, Chapultepec Park

Bibliography

Carvajal, S. and R. McVaugh. 1992. Pinus L. In R. McVaugh, Flora Novo-Galiciana 17:32-100. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Herbarium.

Coe, Andrew. 2001. Archeological Mexico. Avalon Travel.

Farjon, Aljos and Styles, Brian T. 1997. Pinus (Pinaceae). Flora Neotropica 75. New York Botanical Garden.

Malusa, James. 1992. Phylogeny and biogeography of the pinyon pines (Pinus subsect. Cembroides). Systematic Botany 17(1):42-66.

Noble, John, et al. 2004. Mexico. Lonely Planet.

Perry Jr., Jesse P. 1991. The Pines of Mexico and Central America. Timber Press.

Zanoni, T.A. and R.P. Adams. 1979. The genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae) in Mexico and Guatemala: Synonymy, key, and distributions of the taxa. Bol. Soc. Bot. México 38: 83-131.

Review of Mexican Pines: Perry, Farjon, and Conclusions

Travelers seeking to identify the pines of Mexico will normally carry one of two books: Perry (1991) or Farjon and Styles (1997). In fact, both are invaluable, presenting significantly different information. The problem is, they also present significantly different suites of species. The following table helps to understand this problem and will be extremely useful to anyone seeking to reconcile the differences between the two books. The first column lists all of the taxa identified by either author as occurring within Mexico; the second column summarizes differences between the two accounts; and the third column describes how I have resolved the conflict in the Gymnosperm Database. As soon as I put this online, Michael Frankis immediately weighed in with his perspective, and I have incorporated his notes as well, both to provide further understanding of Perry's and Farjon's perspectives, and also to suggest some different taxonomic notions.

Species	Perry vs. Farjon	Determination
P. leiophylla	Farjon reduces P. chihuahuana to a variety of P. leiophylla.	I agree with Farjon, except at rank subspecies.
P. leiophylla var. chihuahuana
P. leiophylla subsp. chihuahuana
P. contorta subsp. murrayana	Farjon calls it a variety.	I agree with Perry.
P. herrerae	Perry spells it "herrerai."	I agree with Farjon.
P. caribaea var. hondurensis	Agree.	Frankis suggests that it warrants treatment as a separate species P. hondurensis, since its cones and seedlings differ from other P. caribaea taxa.
P. ponderosa var. scopulorum	Farjon describes it; Perry says P. ponderosa does not occur in Mexico.	I have my own way of treating the P. ponderosa group.
P. jeffreyi	Agree.
P. arizonica var. arizonica	Agree.
P. arizonica var. cooperi	Perry calls it P. cooperi, but Farjon (1997) described it as a variety of P. arizonica.	I agree with Farjon (Frankis agrees with Perry).
P. cooperi
P. arizonica var. stormiae	Agree.	Frankis suggests it should be treated as a distinct species P. stormiae, as the foliage and cones differ from P. arizonica [as of 2024 this has become true].
P. engelmannii	Agree.
P. hartwegii	Farjon lumps all three into undifferentiated P. hartwegii, with considerable discussion of this decision.	I agree with Farjon.
P. rudis
P. donnell-smithii
P. pseudostrobus var. pseudostrobus f. pseudostrobus	Farjon lumps all taxa into the type P. pseudostrobus, with some discussion of var. coatepecensis.	I agree with Farjon, but haven't closely studied the problem. Frankis regards P. estevezii as a good species, with P. pseudostrobus var. coatepecensis as a synonym.
P. pseudostrobus var. megacarpa
P. pseudostrobus var. coatepecensis
P. estevezi
P. pseudostrobus var. apulcensis	Farjon (pg 129) lumps P. oaxacana and P. nubicola into P. pseudostrobus var. apulcensis.	I agree with Farjon. Frankis also lumps the three taxa, but raises apulcensis to the rank of species.
P. oaxacana
P. nubicola
P. pseudostrobus var. pseudostrobus f. protuberans	Agree.
P. montezumae var. montezumae	Agree. Farjon describes P. montezumae as polymorphic, with continuously variable properties leading to P. devoniana.
P. douglasiana	Agree.	It is very similar to P. maximinoi, often misidentified on herbarium sheets; we very possibly saw it without realizing this. I will tentatively agree with Farjon, but Frankis argues that this should be a synonym of the earlier-described taxon P. gordoniana, arguing that "The very distinctive cones of this taxon are well illustrated by Hartweg in the protologue of P. gordoniana, and the type location (Saddle Mt., near Tepic, Nayarit) is in the range of P. douglasiana, and well outside the range of P. montezumae (also see below under P. montezumae var. gordoniana).
P. devoniana	Farjon (pg 141) reduces all of P. michoacana to synonymy with P. devoniana. See also Carvajal and McVaugh 1992.	I agree with Farjon.
P. michoacana var. michoacana
P. michoacana var. cornuta
P. michoacana var. quevedoi
P. michoacana f. procera
P. michoacana f. nayaritana
P. montezumae var. gordoniana	Farjon makes a Code-type argument for calling this taxon gordoniana instead of lindleyi.	Frankis argues that P. gordoniana is a clearly distinct species and unrelated to P. montezumae, while var. lindleyi is not distinct from the type variety of P. montezumae.
P. montezumae var. lindleyi
P. maximinoi	Agree.
P. lumholtzii	Agree.
P. oocarpa var. oocarpa	Agree
P. oocarpa var. trifoliata	Agree.
P. oocarpa var. microphylla	Farjon and Styles reduce P. oocarpa var. microphylla to synonymy with P. praetermissa, but say Perry's map shows too wide a range. But he also says "its distribution must still be relatively unknown" so how can Perry's map be wrong?	I need to review this further.
P. praetermissa
P. patula var. patula	Agree.
P. patula var. longipedunculata	Agree. Frankis, though, thinks it is more closely related to P. tecunumanii (below), perhaps as an undescribed variety.	I agree with Farjon.
P. jaliscana	Agree.
P. tecunumanii	Farjon lumps both under P. tecunumanii	I agree with Farjon.
P. oocarpa var. ochoterenai
P. durangensis	Farjon lumps both under P. durangensis and, pg 175, makes remarks on type locality.	I agree with Farjon.
P. martinezii
P. lawsonii	Perry calls it "lawsoni."	I agree with Farjon.
P. pringlei	Agree.
P. teocote	Agree.
P. muricata var. muricata	Agree.
P. radiata var. binata	Agree.
P. attenuata	Agree.
P. greggii	Agree.
P. coulteri	Agree.
P. ayacahuite var. ayacahuite	Agree.
P. ayacahuite var. veitchii	Agree.
P. lambertiana	Agree.
P. flexilis var. flexilis	Farjon notes that P. flexilis and P. strobiformis form a cline. Farjon (and Frankis) think var. flexilis does not occur in Mexico but Perry thinks it does, as did Shaw and Martinez. Farjon dismisses their conclusions as mistaken P. strobiformis or mistaken P. flexilis var. reflexa.	Frankis subsequently described a new species, P. stylesii, further complicating this issue. See discussion under P. flexilis.
P. flexilis var. reflexa
P. strobiformis	Farjon (pg 215) points out both are based on the same type, so lumps them under P. strobiformis.	I agree with Farjon.
P. ayacahuite var. brachyptera
P. chiapensis	Perry calls it a species, Farjon a variety.	I agree with Perry; Frankis tells me that Farjon does also, now.
P. strobus var. chiapensis
P. rzedowskii	Agree.
P. maximartinezii	Agree.
P. nelsonii	Perry calls it "nelsoni."	I agree with Farjon.
P. pinceana	Agree.
P. cembroides subsp. cembroides var. cembroides	Agree, though Perry does not require such a complex subdivision of the species.
P. cembroides subsp. cembroides var. bicolor	Perry identifies the two spp.; Farjon reduces both to synonymy with var. bicolor, which was orig. described as discolor (bicolor is the earlier name [Little, 1968]; when Bailey and Hawksworth raised it to species rank [1979], Pinus bicolor already existed so they had to use a new name).	Malusa (1992) finds that discolor and johannis are extremely similar to each other, but that neither is similar to cembroides, with which they are sympatric—although disjunct from each other. Actually they are closest to culminicola. Both johannis and discolor have been described as varieties of culminicola (Farjon pg 234); I might support that. Frankis, though, concerned that they do not hybridize with P. culminicola, suggests that P. johannis is a good species and that discolor/bicolor requires P. johannis var. bicolor comb. nov. That combination has not yet been published though, and in the meantime I treat discolor as a species.
P. discolor
P. johannis
P. cembroides subsp. lagunae	Perry calls it a species, Farjon a subspecies.	I agree with Perry.
P. lagunae
P. cembroides subsp. orizabensis	Agree.	Farjon points out that it is sympatric with typical P. cembroides, an odd situation to sustain a species/subspecies differentiation. Frankis uses this point to argue that it warrants treatment as a distinct species Pinus orizabensis, closer to P. johannis than to P. cembroides.
P. edulis	Perry shows it just entering Mexico in extreme NW Chihuahua.	Frankis says Styles couldn't find it in Mexico; evidently Perry could.
P. culminicola	Agree.	See remarks above under P. discolor and P. johannis.
P. remota	Farjon reduces P. caterinae to synonymy with P. remota.	I agree with Farjon.
P. caterinae
P. monophylla	Agree.	Frankis agrees too, and notes that the Mexican plants are referrable to P. monophylla var. californiarum (D. K. Bailey) Zavarin.
P. quadrifolia	Perry recognizes both as species, Farjon lumps P. juarezensis into synonymy.	I agree with Farjon, but see discussion under P. quadrifolia.
P. juarezensis

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