The Gymnosperm Database

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Ginkgo foliage, showing autumn coloration, from a tree at the Los Angeles Arboretum [C.J. Earle, 2009.12.06]>.

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"A magnificent stand of mixed Port Orford white cedar [Chamaecyparis lawsoniana] and fir timber located in Curry County, Oregon, on the property of the C.A. Smith Timber Company. A fair example of the mixture of fir and cedar growth on Curry County lands" (American Lumberman 1911).

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Abies magnifica, a mature tree in Yosemite National Park [C.J. Earle, 2008.07.01].

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Larix occidentalis, "Big Tree Bob" Van Pelt measuring the largest recorded specimen, in the Wallowa Mountains of Oregon. Sadly, this tree had died the year before [C.J. Earle, 2008.07.21].

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River in Alaska bordered by Picea glauca forests surrounded by muskeg containing scattered small P. mariana [Dr. Linda B. Brubaker].

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Pinus longaeva, an extraordinarily gnarled tree, in the White Pine Mountains [R. Van Pelt, 2001.09.26].

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A mature Pinus lambertiana along the Devil's Slide Trail on Mt. San Jacinto, CA [C.J. Earle, 2004.04.10]. Sugar pine is unique in its crown form - it is common for trees, like this one, to have major limbs that reach impossibly far out from the trunk for no apparent reason.

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Pinus contorta growing in a peat bog on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington. P. contorta subsp. contorta is commonly found in bogs throughout its range [C.J. Earle, 1999.04].

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Tsuga mertensiana growing by a lake in Washington [C.J. Earle].

 

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Conifers of Western North America

Comments

I wrote this page while I was writing the field guide, Trees of Western North America. This list includes native and naturalized species occurring in the U.S. and Canada west of the 100th meridian of longitude.

Taxa List

Species Distribution
Cupressaceae, Cypress family
Callitropsis nootkatensis, Nootka cypress Canada: British Columbia. United States: Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington.
Calocedrus decurrens, incense cedar United States: California, Nevada, Oregon; also Mexico: Baja California.
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Port Orford cedar United States: California, Oregon.
Hesperocyparis abramsiana, Abrams' cypress United States: California.
Hesperocyparis arizonica, Arizona cypress United States: Arizona, New Mexico, Texas; also Mexico: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas.
Hesperocyparis bakeri, Modoc cypress United States: California, Oregon.
Hesperocyparis forbesii, Tecate cypress United States: California; also Mexico: Baja California.
Hesperocyparis goveniana, Gowen cypress United States: California.
Hesperocyparis macnabiana, MacNab cypress United States: California.
Hesperocyparis macrocarpa, Monterey cypress United States: California.
Hesperocyparis nevadensis, Piute cypress United States: California.
Hesperocyparis pygmaea, Mendocino cypress United States: California.
Hesperocyparis revealiana, El Rincon cypress United States: California; also Mexico: Baja California.
Hesperocyparis sargentii, Sargent cypress United States: California.
Hesperocyparis stephensonii, Cuyamaca cypress United States: California; also Mexico: Baja California.
Juniperus arizonica, Arizona juniper. United States: Arizona, New Mexico; also Mexico: Chihuahua, Sonora.
Juniperus ashei, Ashe juniper. United States: Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas; also Mexico: Coahuila.
Juniperus californica, California juniper United States: Arizona, California, Nevada; also Mexico: Baja California.
Juniperus coahuilensis, redberry juniper United States: Texas; also Mexico: Coahuila.
Juniperus communis, common juniper (4 varieties). Canada: All provinces and territories. United States: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming.
Juniperus deppeana, alligator juniper United States: Arizona, New Mexico, Texas; also Mexico (widely distributed) and Guatemala.
Juniperus flaccida, drooping juniper United States: Texas; also Mexico: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas.
Juniperus grandis, Sierra juniper United States: California.
Juniperus horizontalis, creeping juniper. Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, Yukon. United States: Alaska, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
Juniperus maritima, Seaside juniper Canada: British Columbia. United States: Washington.
Juniperus monosperma, oneseed juniper United States: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas.
Juniperus occidentalis, western juniper United States: California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington.
Juniperus osteosperma, Utah juniper United States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming.
Juniperus pinchotii, Pinchot juniper. United States: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas; also Mexico: Coahuila and Nuevo León.
Juniperus scopulorum, Rocky Mountain juniper Canada: Alberta, British Columbia. United States: Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.
Juniperus virginiana, eastern redcedar. Canada: Ontario, Québec. United States: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin; also naturalized in Colorado and Oregon.
Sequoia sempervirens, Coast redwood United States: California, Oregon.
Sequoiadendron giganteum, giant sequoia United States: California.
Taxodium distichum, baldcypress. United States: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia.
Taxodium mucronatum, ahuehuete United States: Texas; also Mexico (widely distributed).
Thuja plicata, western red cedar Canada: Alberta, British Columbia. United States: Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
Pinaceae, Pine family
Abies amabilis, Pacific silver fir Canada: British Columbia. United States: Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington.
Abies balsamea, balsam fir. Canada: Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan. United States: Connecticut, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia.
Abies bracteata, bristlecone fir United States: California.
Abies concolor, white fir United States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah; also Mexico: Baja California, Sonora.
Abies grandis, grand fir Canada: British Columbia. United States: California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
Abies lasiocarpa, subalpine fir Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Yukon. United States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.
Abies magnifica, California red fir United States: California, Nevada, Oregon.
Abies procera, noble fir United States: California, Oregon, Washington.
Larix laricina, tamarack. Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon. United States: Alaska, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin.
Larix lyallii, subalpine larch Canada: Alberta, British Columbia. United States: Idaho, Montana, Washington.
Larix occidentalis, western larch Canada: British Columbia. United States: Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
Picea breweriana, Brewer spruce United States: California, Oregon.
Picea engelmannii, Engelmann spruce Canada: Alberta, British Columbia. United States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.
Picea glauca, white spruce. Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon. United States: Alaska, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
Picea mariana, black spruce. Canada: all provinces and territories. United States: Alaska, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin.
Picea pungens, blue spruce United States: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming.
Picea sitchensis, Sitka spruce Canada: British Columbia. United States: Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington.
Pinus albicaulis, whitebark pine Canada: Alberta, British Columbia. United States: California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
Pinus aristata, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine United States: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico.
Pinus arizonica, Arizona pine United States: United States: Arizona, New Mexico; also Mexico: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Sonora, and Zacatecas.
Pinus arizonica var. stormiae, Pino real United States: Texas; also Mexico: Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas.
Pinus attenuata, knobcone pine United States: California, Oregon.
Pinus balfouriana, foxtail pine United States: California.
Pinus banksiana, jack pine. Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, Saskatchewan. United States: Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Wisconsin.
Pinus brachyptera, Southwestern ponderosa pine United States: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah; also Mexico: Sonora.
Pinus californiarum, California pinyon United States: California, Nevada; also Mexico: Baja California.
Pinus cembroides, Mexican pinyon United States: Arizona, New Mexico, Texas; also Mexico: Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz.
Pinus contorta, lodgepole pine Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, Yukon. United States: Alaska, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington; also Mexico: Baja California.
Pinus coulteri, Coulter pine United States: California; also Mexico: Baja California.
Pinus edulis, two-leaved pinyon United States: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, Wyoming; also Mexico: Chihuahua.
Pinus engelmannii, Apache pine United States: Arizona, New Mexico; also Mexico: Sonora, Chihuahua, NE Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, Nuevo León.
Pinus flexilis, limber pine Canada: Alberta, British Columbia. United States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming; also Mexico: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León.
Pinus jeffreyi, Jeffrey pine United States: California, Nevada, Oregon; Mexico: Baja California.
Pinus lambertiana, sugar pine United States: California, Nevada, Oregon; Mexico: Baja California.
Pinus leiophylla, Chihuahuan pine United States: Arizona, New Mexico; also Mexico (widely distributed).
Pinus longaeva, Great Basin bristlecone pine United States: California, Nevada, Utah.
Pinus monophylla, singleleaf pinyon United States: Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah.
Pinus monticola, western white pine Canada: Alberta, British Columbia. United States: California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington.
Pinus muricata, Bishop pine United States: California; also Mexico: Baja California.
Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine Canada: British Columbia. United States: California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington.
Pinus quadrifolia, Parry pinyon United States: California; also Mexico: Baja California.
Pinus radiata, Monterey pine United States: California; also Mexico: Baja California.
Pinus remota, Texas pinyon United States: Texas; also Mexico: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León.
Pinus sabiniana, gray pine United States: California, Oregon.
Pinus scopulorum, Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine United States: Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming; also Mexico: Sonora.
Pinus strobiformis, southwestern white pine United States: Arizona, New Mexico, Texas; also Mexico (widely distributed).
Pinus torreyana, Torrey pine United States: California.
Pseudotsuga macrocarpa, bigcone Douglas-fir United States: California.
Pseudotsuga menziesii, Douglas-fir Canada: Alberta, British Columbia. United States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming; also Mexico: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Sonora, Zacatecas.
Tsuga heterophylla, western hemlock Canada: Alberta, British Columbia. United States: Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
Tsuga mertensiana, mountain hemlock Canada: British Columbia. United States: Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington.
Taxaceae, Yew family
Taxus brevifolia, Pacific yew Canada: Alberta, British Columbia. United States: Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
Torreya californica, California nutmeg United States: California.

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Edited by Christopher J. Earle

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Last Modified 2023-12-17